The economy of Bangladesh

The economy of Bangladesh ECONOMY OF BANGLADESH The country of Bangladesh is a developing economy. World average, however, is small but lower than India and Pakistan. Ranked of the world 48 largest economy country. Its grows lots of domestic foods. In the last few years, they make lots of different foods. Bangladeshis employed becoming a half or more then are in the agriculture sector, with RMG, they like to fish, vegetables, leather and leather goods, ceramics, as like importance product as world want rice . Sound financial problem they growth due. After that they try to fight with their own poorly financial to make their life.bangladesh is a country where can grow easily any kinds of food.as they have lots of river thats why they could make any kinds of food easily.mainly they product lots of kinds of food. And rice, jute, wheat.lots of kind of vegetables. There have six seasons in Bangladesh. Communication, power supply, transportation and water supply and developing. They have reserves oil and coal. Day by day its improving human resource base. There have natural gas and two sea ports Mongla and Chittagong. Economic history South Asia Bangladesh was a prosperous region until modern. Tropical climate, fertile soil, advantages .wildlife, fish developing day by day. During the Mogul Empire. From Pakistan its independence 1971 now name Bangladesh. Socialist economy fellow Bangladesh. Economic sectors Agriculture of Bangladesh Bangladeshis earn most of their living from agriculture. 63% of Bangladeshi are involved in agriculture. Jute and rice are their main primary cops. As they crops lot of kinds vegetable and fruit. Although their due number of factors they grown three times in a year. Northeast they grown tea is the one of economy sector in world market. Irrigation control better flood and use fertilizers. A serious problem of Bangladesh underemployed and concern Bangladesh agriculture. Manpower is another side of Bangladesh to grow agriculture. Labour force comes from manpower. Lots of poor farmer they do to farm because they dont have another option to maintain their life. Management of Agriculture An agricultural country Bangladesh is predominantly. growth of the economy Agriculture being the engine. alleviation of poverty develop agriculture sector. improvement Since provision of food security for the life standard and generation.the overall effort by the government development of agriculture. the growing population To fulfill the food sustain dependable food security. appropriate technology modern agricultural system based improved. door steps of the farmers agricultural inputs including fertliser.procedures of agricultural credit simplification of the disbursement agricultural extension policy. system for quality modernisation of research creating opportunities investment in agriculture. the integrated technologies improvement of agro-products. Sectoral Growth In recent years has been a remarkable Rapid growth in food grain production of the countrys economic. unusually large summer and winter crops aman and boro crops. foodgrain production Bangladesh reached self-sufficiency. net purchasers of rice of rural households in the country. the development nongovernment organizations have the private sector of minidairies and poultry farms. foodgrain output was boosted Apart from favorable weather conditions.Agricultural inputs supply of key diesel, fuel ,seeds ,fertilizer.improved delivery of agriculture Good procurement support coming from Government. Manufacturing Industry Mostly of Bangladeshi women they are involved in garment industry. 19% Bangladeshi people are involved in industry. World market Bangladeshi garment is another popular. Making lots of foreign economy from garment is known another name.1.5 million people working in garment most of them are women. As a poor people they are involved in garment work. Leather product and footwear coming on in garment sector. Muslin and silk fabric the British as known famous. Dyes, yarn and clothes are as known famous in world market. Muslin and silk as known world market famous. Bangladesh Steel and Engineering Corporation (BSEC): Communication and infrastructural playing a vital role in the development the country. remark products are also improvement in country.products are Electric items, Razor blade, Ship repair, tube light, SEC wire, Transformer. Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI): 1985 through an Ordinance titled Testing Institution and Bangladesh Standard. BSTI include, among others The main function. national standards of industrial is entrusted with the responsibility chemical products and food. the technical committees is responsible for the quality of the products are ensured specific national standards. measures in the country introduction and implementation metric system of weight is also responsible. Textile sector In Bangladesh there is lots of big big textile group. Textile is another economy source of Bangladesh. Importance role of Bangladesh in textile. Nearly 4milion people working in textile .most of them are women. Export earning 78% comes from textile. There have lot of export produce earner.trousers, skirts, shorts, jackets, sweaters and sportswear fashions.. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Millennium Development Goals is committed The Government of Bangladesh. the government has been implementing this commitment National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Reduction. increased attention to human resource no denying the fact that reaching the target hardcore poverty calls development. Developments in Post-primary Education Sector human resources development the principal element of Bangladesh to receive education the basic right of every citizen. human resources pool trained of immense importance for the country. science and technology poverty through building oriented education system. socioeconomic development national poverty of the main strategies Considering investment in education. quality of education Improve development of post-primary education. implementing appropriate programmme priority has been attached. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS Test case of development Bangladesh. Economy in examining problems one turns. There have lot of problems political .And social problems involved. They have poor management poor politics thats why they cant growth up easy way. They dont have any kinds of modern quality. POLITICAL: A true democracy became a Bangladesh. It had been ruled by military figures. There have lots of political problems in Bangladesh. If economy can growth but political leaders cant give to growth nicely. All of political leaders think about their selfs .At the end of the day economy going down and cant improve. Its very importance about economy about country. Their all times have two parties BNP and AWAMI league. When they go to one party a new government they do fight each other. At the end country economy cant improve. Muslim make up 83% is a secular Bangladesh aways been harmony with the different religious. Social: Increased tremendously Bangladesh decade education. Prime minister both of female and gender awareness. Women trust their religious and give value complain policies. Motionless at this moment power of caretaker government. Recently, Chief Adviser (CA) Fakhruddin Ahmed the countrys current economic slowdown. Government has already taken including formation .private-public business forum the situation. Optimistic like our Chief Adviser to overcome our economic problem. Problems of economy and causes of these problems 1) Caretaker government NO confidence Caretaker government, breaking and ejecting the businesses of footpath and slums. Jute mils, fixing principles Closing and action without plans.. Showing excuse of anticorruption Torturing businessmen Businessmen by National Board of Revenue and Anticorruption Commission. Independence of newspapers hindering. 2)Investment of businessmen and investors: Businessmen and investors are not interested to invest in this country. Money earned by corruption is closed now for anticorruption. Donor agencies, military government and international they do not know who is giving the direction of power 3) Purchasing power of general people: International market exists from previous two or three years Higher price of products in. We can blame following reasons for purchasing power of general people. Higher price of products as well as decreasing. Immoral syndicates of the period of union (BNP-Jamat) governmentDestructive activities. In country and showing signal that production will decrease in near products to earn more money. Future. For this reason, businessmen are not selling their products, storing products and creating shortage. Not as much as our expectation Production of rice. Interested to import rice from a huge amount of money for the luck of confidence on caretaker government. Primitive institutional structure because care taker government has not taken any positive initiative. The hindrance of supply facing the problem of inflation. CONCLUSION: Every country have some good or bad side economy after that its depends how to manage country economy. If country economy good thats means they have some reason for its back some goods side. context of Bangladesh present relationship between inflation economic growthdevelopment partners need to work .

Type of Decision Making Enviroment

.:VirtualSalt Introduction to Decision Making, Part 1 Robert Harris Version Date: June 9, 2012 Previous versions: December 2, 2009, October 17, 2008; July 2, 1998 We all make decisions of varying importance every day, so the idea that decision making can be a rather sophisticated art may at first seem strange. However, studies have shown that most people are much poorer at decision making than they think. An understanding of what decision making involves, together with a few effective techniques, will help you make better decisions. What is Decision Making? Some DefinitionsA good place to start is with some standard definitions of decision making. 1. Decision making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision maker. Making a decision implies that there are alternative choices to be considered, and in such a case we want not only to identify as many of these alternatives as possible but to choose the one that (1) has the hi ghest probability of success or effectiveness and (2) best fits with our goals, desires, lifestyle, values, and so on. The two important ideas here are that first, there must be some genuine alternatives to choose from among.Note that â€Å"Do it† or â€Å"Don't do it† does not qualify as a set of alternatives. Only â€Å"Do this† or â€Å"Do something else† really qualfies. Second, every decision must be made in the light of some standard of judgment. This standard usually gets expressed in the form of criteria, which reflect the values and preferences of the decision maker. These values and preferences are often influenced by corporate rules or culture, law, best practices, and so forth. 2. Decision making is the process of sufficiently reducing uncertainty and doubt about alternatives to allow a reasonable choice to be made from among them.This definition stresses the information-gathering function of decision making. It should be noted here that uncer tainty is reduced rather than eliminated. Very few decisions are made with absolute certainty because complete knowledge about all the alternatives is seldom possible. Thus, every decision involves a certain amount of risk. If there is no uncertainty, you do not have a decision; you have an algorithm–a set of steps or a recipe that is followed to bring about a fixed result. Kinds of Decisions There are several basic kinds of decisions. 1. Decisions whether.This is the yes/no, either/or decision that must be made before we proceed with the selection of an alternative. Should I buy a new TV? Should I travel this summer? Decisions whether are made by weighing reasons pro and con. A simple worksheet with two columns (one for Pro–reasons for, and one with Con–reasons against) can be useful for this kind of decision. It is important to be aware of having made a decision whether, since too often we assume that decision making begins with the identification of alternati ves, assuming that the decision to choose one has already been made. . Decisions which. These decisions involve a choice of one or more alternatives from among a set of possibilities, the choice being based on how well each alternative measures up to a set of predefined criteria. 3. Contingent decisions. These are decisions that have been made but put on hold until some condition is met. For example, I have decided to buy that car if I can get it for the right price; I have decided to write that article if I can work the necessary time for it into my schedule.OR even, We'll take the route through the valley if we can control the ridge and if we detect no enemy activity to the north. Most people carry around a set of already made, contingent decisions, just waiting for the right conditions or opportunity to arise. Time, energy, price, availability, opportunity, encouragement–all these factors can figure into the necessary conditions that need to be met before we can act on our decision. Some contingent decisions are unstated or even exist below the awareness of the decision maker. These are the type that occur when we seize opportunity.We don't walk around thinking, â€Å"If I see a new laser printer for $38, I'll buy it,† but if we happen upon a deal like that and we have been contemplating getting a new printer, the decision is made quickly. Decisions made in sports and warfare are like this. The best contingent and opportunistic decisions are made by the prepared mind–one that has thought about criteria and alternatives in the past. 4 . Contingent alternatives. Similar to contingent decisions, contingent alternatives involve two or more choices of action, one of which will be taken when the appropriate trigger occurs.Often this trigger is an event or more information. For example, If tomorrow is cloudy or rainy, we will mount a ground attack through the pass, but if the day is clear, we will launch an air strike to the north. OR, if, aft er this patch attempt, the leak is under 50 gallons per minute, we will sail to the home port for a repair. But if the leak is over 50 gpm, we will stay here and order a replacement pump. Decision Making is a Recursive Process A critical factor that decision theorists sometimes neglect to emphasize is that in spite of the way the process is presented on paper, decision making is a nonlinear, recursive process.That is, most decisions are made by moving back and forth between the choice of criteria (the characteristics we want our choice to meet) and the identification of alternatives (the possibilities we can choose from among). The alternatives available influence the criteria we apply to them, and similarly the criteria we establish influence the alternatives we will consider. Let's look at an example to clarify this. Suppose someone wants to decide, Should I get married? Notice that this is a decision whether.A linear approach to decision making would be to decide this question by weighing the reasons pro and con (what are the benefits and drawbacks of getting married) and then to move to the next part of the process, the identification of criteria (supportive, easy going, competent, affectionate, etc. ). Next, we would identify alternatives likely to have these criteria (Kathy, Jennifer, Michelle, Julie, etc. ). Finally we would evaluate each alternative according to the criteria and choose the one that best meets the criteria. We would thus have a scheme like this: decision whether †¦ select criteria †¦ identify alternatives †¦ atch criteria to alternatives †¦ make choice However, the fact is that our decision whether to get married may really be a contingent decision. â€Å"I'll get married if I can find the right person. † It will thus be influenced by the identification of alternatives, which we usually think of as a later step in the process. Similarly, suppose we have arrived at the â€Å"identify alternatives† stage of the process when we discover that Jennifer (one of the girls identified as an alternative) has a wonderful personality characteristic that we had not even thought of before, but that we now really want to have in a wife.We immediately add that characteristic to our criteria. Thus, the decision making process continues to move back and forth, around and around as it progresses in what will eventually be a linear direction but which in its actual workings is highly recursive. Key point, then, is that the characteristics of the alternatives we discover will often revise the criteria we have previously identified. The Components of Decision Making The Decision Environment Every decision is made within a decision environment, which is defined as the collection of information, alternatives, values, and preferences available at the time of the decision.An ideal decision environment would include all possible information, all of it accurate, and every possible alternative. However, both information and alternatives are constrained because the time and effort to gain information or identify alternatives are limited. The time constraint simply means that a decision must be made by a certain time. The effort constraint reflects the limits of manpower, money, and priorities. (You wouldn't want to spend three hours and half a tank of gas trying to find the very best parking place at the mall. Since decisions must be made within this constrained environment, we can say that the major challenge of decision making is uncertainty, and a major goal of decision analysis is to reduce uncertainty. We can almost never have all information needed to make a decision with certainty, so most decisions involve an undeniable amount of risk. The fact that decisions must be made within a limiting decision environment suggests two things. First, it explains why hindsight is so much more accurate and better at making decisions that foresight.As time passes, the decision environment contin ues to grow and expand. New information and new alternatives appear–even after the decision must be made. Armed with new information after the fact, the hindsighters can many times look back and make a much better decision than the original maker, because the decision environment has continued to expand. The second thing suggested by the decision-within-an-environment idea follows from the above point. Since the decision environment continues to expand as time passes, it is often advisable to put off making a decision until close to the deadline.Information and alternatives continue to grow as time passes, so to have access to the most information and to the best alternatives, do not make the decision too soon. Now, since we are dealing with real life, it is obvious that some alternatives might no longer be available if too much time passes; that is a tension we have to work with, a tension that helps to shape the cutoff date for the decision. Delaying a decision as long as r easonably possible, then, provides three benefits: 1. The decision environment will be larger, providing more information.There is also time for more thoughtful and extended analysis. 2. New alternatives might be recognized or created. Version 2. 0 might be released. 3. The decision maker's preferences might change. With further thought, wisdom, and maturity, you may decide not to buy car X and instead to buy car Y. And delaying a decision involves several risks: 1. As the decision environment continues to grow, the decision maker might become overwhelmed with too much information and either make a poorer decision or else face decision paralysis. 2.Some alternatives might become unavailable because of events occurring during the delay. In a few cases, where the decision was between two alternatives (attack the pass or circle around behind the large rock), both alternatives might become unavailable, leaving the decision maker with nothing. And we have all had the experience of seeing some amazing bargain only to hesitate and find that when we go back to buy the item, it is sold out. 3. In a competitive environment, a faster rival might make the decision and gain advantage.Another manufacturer might bring a similar product to market before you (because that company didn't delay the decision) or the opposing army might have seized the pass while the other army was â€Å"letting the decision environment grow. † The Effects of Quantity on Decision Making Many decision makers have a tendency to seek more information than required to make a good decision. When too much information is sought and obtained, one or more of several problems can arise. (1) A delay in the decision occurs because of the time required to obtain and process the extra information.This delay could impair the effectiveness of the decision or solution. (2) Information overload will occur. In this state, so much information is available that decision-making ability actually declines because the information in its entirety can no longer be managed or assessed appropriately. A major problem caused by information overload is forgetfulness. When too much information is taken into memory, especially in a short period of time, some of the information (often that received early on) will be pushed out.The example is sometimes given of the man who spent the day at an information-heavy seminar. At the end of the day, he was not only unable to remember the first half of the seminar but he had also forgotten where he parked his car that morning. (3) Selective use of the information will occur. That is, the decision maker will choose from among all the information available only those facts which support a preconceived solution or position. (4) Mental fatigue occurs, which results in slower work or poor quality work. (5) Decision fatigue occurs where the decision maker tires of making decisions.Often the result is fast, careless decisions or even decision paralysis–no decisi ons are made at all. The quantity of information that can be processed by the human mind is limited. Unless information is consciously selected, processing will be biased toward the first part of the information received. After that, the mind tires and begins to ignore subsequent information or forget earlier information. (Have you ever gone shopping for something where you looked at many alternatives–cars, knives, phones, TVs–only to decide that you liked the first one best? Decision Streams A common misconception about decision making is that decisions are made in isolation from each other: you gather information, explore alternatives, and make a choice, without regard to anything that has gone before. The fact is, decisions are made in a context of other decisions. The typical metaphor used to explain this is that of a stream. There is a stream of decisions surrounding a given decision, many decisions made earlier have led up to this decision and made it both possib le and limited. Many other decisions will follow from it.Another way to describe this situation is to say that most decisions involve a choice from a group of preselected alternatives, made available to us from the universe of alternatives by the previous decisions we have made. Previous decisions have â€Å"activated† or â€Å"made operable† certain alternatives and â€Å"deactivated† or â€Å"made inoperable† others. For example, when you decide to go to the park, your decision has been enabled by many previous decisions. You had to decide to live near the park; you had to decide to buy a car or learn about bus routes, and so on.And your previous decisions have constrained your subsequent ones: you can't decide to go to a park this afternoon if it is three states away. By deciding to live where you do, you have both enabled and disabled a whole series of other decisions. As another example, when you enter a store to buy a DVD player or TV, you are faced with the preselected alternatives stocked by the store. There may be 200 models available in the universe of models, but you will be choosing from, say, only a dozen. In this case, your decision has been constrained by the decisions made by others about which models to carry.We might say, then, that every decision (1) follows from previous decisions, (2) enables many future decisions, and (3) prevents other future decisions. People who have trouble making decisions are sometimes trapped by the constraining nature of decision making. Every decision you make precludes other decisions, and therefore might be said to cause a loss of freedom. If you decide to marry Terry, you no longer can decide to marry Shawn. However, just as making a decision causes a loss of freedom, it also creates new freedom, new choices and new possibilities. So making a decision is liberating as well as constraining.And a decision left unmade will often result in a decision by default or a decision being made for you. It is important to realize that every decision you make affects the decision stream and the collections of alternatives available to you both immediately and in the future. In other words, decisions have far reaching consequences. Go to Introduction to Decision Making, Part 2 Introduction to Decision Making, Part 3 Other Tools for Creative Thinking and Problem Solving Critical Thinking Course Homepage Introduction to Creative Thinking Creative Thinking Techniques Criteria for Evaluating a Creative SolutionIntroduction to Problem Solving Human-Factor Phenomena in Problem Solving Problem Solving Techniques Biases Affecting Information Processing Decision Making Techniques Decision Simplification Techniques Difficulties Created by the Videographic Presentation of Information Why Are We So Busy? Truths of the Information Age VirtualSalt Home Copyright 1998, 2009, 2012 by Robert Harris | How to cite this page w w w . v i r t u a l s a l t . c o m About the author: Robert Harris is a writer and educator with more than 25 years of teaching experience at the college and university level. RHarris at virtualsalt. com

Bowling for Columbine

According to Megan McArdle, â€Å"Since 1982, there have been at least 62 mass shootings* across the country, with the killings unfolding in 30 states from Massachusetts to Hawaii. Twenty-five of these mass shootings have occurred since 2006, and seven of them took place in 2012. † Violence in schools as well as the country is on the rise at an alarming rate, raising questions about gun control. After viewing the documentary Bowling for Columbine, I was intrigued. What follows is a summary of the documentary viewed and my thoughtful reaction.First, the shocking information and summary of school shootings and gun control must be understood. Throughout the documentary, shocking information on school shootings is shown. On April 20, 1999, the town of Littleton, Colorado was changed forever by the violent acts of two students at Columbine High School. According to the documentary, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold started their morning off by bowling at a local bowling alley. Harris a nd Klebold then proceeded to the high school equipped with ammunition and guns legally purchased at Kmart.Along with the firearms and ammunition, Harris and Klebold were dressed in long, black trench coats, earning them the name, â€Å"Trench Coat Mafia†. Once at the school, pipe bombs were set-off, ensuing mass chaos. Harris and Klebold then fired over 900 rounds of ammunition on students and teachers, killing 12 students and 2 teachers followed by committing suicide. After ignoring pleas, the National Rifle Society (NRA) held a pro-gun rally in Littleton, Colorado a mere Ten days after the school shooting at Columbine.Charleston Heston, NRA President, caused quite a stir when asked to leave and take his guns with saying, â€Å"you can pry them from my cold dead hands†. After Columbine, schools locked down on their students. Many schools enforced new uniform policies to ensure weapons could not be concealed in clothing or other places. Along with clothing options, the definition of weapons changed from guns and knives to paper, chicken strips, hair color, paperclips, kilts, and even finger pointing while saying ‘pow-pow’. Numerous things have been blamed for the violence that occurred at Columbine.Some of these things include music, video games, movies, race, the media, bullying, and in Littleton, Lockheed Martin. Lockheed Martin is the world’s largest manufacturer of weapons and is responsible for many of the weapons used in wars. On April 20, 1999, President Clinton dropped the biggest assault on Kosovo the war had seen. Lockheed Martin built the majority of the bombs and missiles used. Columbine was not the first and sadly, not the last of school shootings and violence in America. Before the Columbine shooting, Timothy McVey, Terry Nichols, and James Nichols bombed a federal building in Oklahoma City, killing 168 people.James Nichols was the only member that was not convicted, although all of the planning and bomb construc tion was done on his organic farm in Decker, Michigan. Moore went to visit Nichols on his farm to interview him on his stance on gun control and the Oklahoma City Bombing. Nichols, along with Klebold and Harris, used the Anarchist Cookbook to make many of the bombs used in their acts of violence. When asked why not use words instead of violence, Nichols replied, â€Å"The pen is mightier than the sword. But you need to have a sword too if it doesn’t work†.Gun Control in America is a very controversial issue. While many states have laws against guns, Virgin, Utah mandates that all citizens must own a weapon. Every year, the United States has over 11,127 killings by guns, while German, France, Canada, U. K. , Australia, and Japan have a combined total of 973 killings per year. Many things such as divorce, poverty, violent music and video games, and a history of violent behavior in the United States have all been speculated as causes for school violence.While there have b een many things blamed as a cause for violence, statistics show that murders have decreased by 20% but the media coverage has gone up by 600%. Each night, the media portrays America as a scary place full of nightmares around every corner, ensuing fear and panic in the general public. In Canada, new coverage is more positive and viewers are not being pumped full of fear daily. While the factors are the same, the rates for violence are far fewer. There is a misconception that Canadians do not own guns, but each family has an average of 7 guns per household.With less fear and violence, it is common for Canadians to keep their doors unlock, a theory tested and proved to be true by Moore. Once again tragedy struck in Flint, Michigan on February 29, 2000, when 6-year-old Dedrick Owens shot and killed his classmate, Kayla Rolland. Flint, Michigan has close to 87% of people living below the poverty line and many are enrolled in the ‘Welfare to Work’ program. The welfare program has many single parents riding a bus for over an hour one-way to a minimum wage job, often leaving children unattended, being the case with Dedrick Owens.Left unsupervised, Owens was able to access a gun and bring it to school. Many people wanted Owens tried as an adult, although he was only 6 years old. Eight months after the shooting, Heston and the NRA arrived in Flint, Michigan for the â€Å"Get Out and Vote† campaign. Heston was criticized for, once again, showing up to a town of a recent school shooting. When interviewed by Moore, Heston became very upset and stopped the interview when asked why he comes to towns to hold rallies after school shootings. Next, my thoughtful reaction to the documentary along with questions.While I found the documentary to be very interesting, I feel that it focused too much on being a smear campaign towards the NRA and showed very little on Columbine, yet the title was Bowling for Columbine. Instead of conveying the severity of the massac re, Moore downplayed the situation by calling Harris and Klebold ‘boys’. By doing this, Moore made it seem as though Harris and Klebold did not understand what they were doing as well as making them seem more innocent. In reality, Klebold and Harris â€Å"had begun thinking about a large massacre as early as April 1998 – a full year before the actual event† (Rosenberg 1).Throughout the documentary, Moore creates a lot of false impressions, many of them being with Charleston Heston. For instance, Moore splices many of Heston’s speeches to make it seem as though he is a villain. One particular quote, â€Å"From my cold dead hands† was taken from a speech done one year later in South Carolina, not at the rally held 10 days after in Denver, Colorado shown in Bowling for Columbine. Moore also makes Heston seem like a racist when in fact, Heston worked with Martin Luther King Jr. in protests and helped break Hollywood’s color barrier (hardyl aw. net).Along with false impressions, I was left wondering where Moore got his statistics and information seeing as he listed no sources. According to Moore, in 2002 there were 11,127 deaths by guns in the United States when it is actually closer to 8,000 (Hardy 1). While the documentary had many things I did not agree with, there were a few that I appreciated. The film opened my eyes to the violence that goes on each day throughout the World. Gun control is a major issue that needs to be addressed, especially the issue of determining how people can obtain weapons and ammunition.At the end of the film, Moore and two survivors from Columbine get Kmart to stop selling weapons and bullets. Personally, I think this was the most honest and sincere part of the entire documentary. In conclusion, there are many things that I learned after viewing Bowling For Columbine. What followed was a summary of the documentary along with my thoughtful reactions. When asked what he would say to Harris and Klebold if he had the chance, Marylin Manson replied, â€Å"Nothing! I would listen, that’s what nobody did†. Perhaps violence in schools, as well as life, could be reduced if people just took the time to listen.Works Cited Hardy, David T. Bowling for Columbine. David T. Hardy, Apr. 2003. Web. 12 Mar 2013. McArdle, Megan. Department of Awful Statistics: Are Mass Shootings Really On the Rise? The Daily Beast, 28 Jan. 2013. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. Rosenberg, Jennifer. Columbine Massacre. About, N. d. Web. 12 Mar. 2013 Bowling for Columbine According to Megan McArdle, â€Å"Since 1982, there have been at least 62 mass shootings* across the country, with the killings unfolding in 30 states from Massachusetts to Hawaii. Twenty-five of these mass shootings have occurred since 2006, and seven of them took place in 2012. † Violence in schools as well as the country is on the rise at an alarming rate, raising questions about gun control. After viewing the documentary Bowling for Columbine, I was intrigued. What follows is a summary of the documentary viewed and my thoughtful reaction.First, the shocking information and summary of school shootings and gun control must be understood. Throughout the documentary, shocking information on school shootings is shown. On April 20, 1999, the town of Littleton, Colorado was changed forever by the violent acts of two students at Columbine High School. According to the documentary, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold started their morning off by bowling at a local bowling alley. Harris a nd Klebold then proceeded to the high school equipped with ammunition and guns legally purchased at Kmart.Along with the firearms and ammunition, Harris and Klebold were dressed in long, black trench coats, earning them the name, â€Å"Trench Coat Mafia†. Once at the school, pipe bombs were set-off, ensuing mass chaos. Harris and Klebold then fired over 900 rounds of ammunition on students and teachers, killing 12 students and 2 teachers followed by committing suicide. After ignoring pleas, the National Rifle Society (NRA) held a pro-gun rally in Littleton, Colorado a mere Ten days after the school shooting at Columbine.Charleston Heston, NRA President, caused quite a stir when asked to leave and take his guns with saying, â€Å"you can pry them from my cold dead hands†. After Columbine, schools locked down on their students. Many schools enforced new uniform policies to ensure weapons could not be concealed in clothing or other places. Along with clothing options, the definition of weapons changed from guns and knives to paper, chicken strips, hair color, paperclips, kilts, and even finger pointing while saying ‘pow-pow’. Numerous things have been blamed for the violence that occurred at Columbine.Some of these things include music, video games, movies, race, the media, bullying, and in Littleton, Lockheed Martin. Lockheed Martin is the world’s largest manufacturer of weapons and is responsible for many of the weapons used in wars. On April 20, 1999, President Clinton dropped the biggest assault on Kosovo the war had seen. Lockheed Martin built the majority of the bombs and missiles used. Columbine was not the first and sadly, not the last of school shootings and violence in America. Before the Columbine shooting, Timothy McVey, Terry Nichols, and James Nichols bombed a federal building in Oklahoma City, killing 168 people.James Nichols was the only member that was not convicted, although all of the planning and bomb construc tion was done on his organic farm in Decker, Michigan. Moore went to visit Nichols on his farm to interview him on his stance on gun control and the Oklahoma City Bombing. Nichols, along with Klebold and Harris, used the Anarchist Cookbook to make many of the bombs used in their acts of violence. When asked why not use words instead of violence, Nichols replied, â€Å"The pen is mightier than the sword. But you need to have a sword too if it doesn’t work†.Gun Control in America is a very controversial issue. While many states have laws against guns, Virgin, Utah mandates that all citizens must own a weapon. Every year, the United States has over 11,127 killings by guns, while German, France, Canada, U. K. , Australia, and Japan have a combined total of 973 killings per year. Many things such as divorce, poverty, violent music and video games, and a history of violent behavior in the United States have all been speculated as causes for school violence.While there have b een many things blamed as a cause for violence, statistics show that murders have decreased by 20% but the media coverage has gone up by 600%. Each night, the media portrays America as a scary place full of nightmares around every corner, ensuing fear and panic in the general public. In Canada, new coverage is more positive and viewers are not being pumped full of fear daily. While the factors are the same, the rates for violence are far fewer. There is a misconception that Canadians do not own guns, but each family has an average of 7 guns per household.With less fear and violence, it is common for Canadians to keep their doors unlock, a theory tested and proved to be true by Moore. Once again tragedy struck in Flint, Michigan on February 29, 2000, when 6-year-old Dedrick Owens shot and killed his classmate, Kayla Rolland. Flint, Michigan has close to 87% of people living below the poverty line and many are enrolled in the ‘Welfare to Work’ program. The welfare program has many single parents riding a bus for over an hour one-way to a minimum wage job, often leaving children unattended, being the case with Dedrick Owens.Left unsupervised, Owens was able to access a gun and bring it to school. Many people wanted Owens tried as an adult, although he was only 6 years old. Eight months after the shooting, Heston and the NRA arrived in Flint, Michigan for the â€Å"Get Out and Vote† campaign. Heston was criticized for, once again, showing up to a town of a recent school shooting. When interviewed by Moore, Heston became very upset and stopped the interview when asked why he comes to towns to hold rallies after school shootings. Next, my thoughtful reaction to the documentary along with questions.While I found the documentary to be very interesting, I feel that it focused too much on being a smear campaign towards the NRA and showed very little on Columbine, yet the title was Bowling for Columbine. Instead of conveying the severity of the massac re, Moore downplayed the situation by calling Harris and Klebold ‘boys’. By doing this, Moore made it seem as though Harris and Klebold did not understand what they were doing as well as making them seem more innocent. In reality, Klebold and Harris â€Å"had begun thinking about a large massacre as early as April 1998 – a full year before the actual event† (Rosenberg 1).Throughout the documentary, Moore creates a lot of false impressions, many of them being with Charleston Heston. For instance, Moore splices many of Heston’s speeches to make it seem as though he is a villain. One particular quote, â€Å"From my cold dead hands† was taken from a speech done one year later in South Carolina, not at the rally held 10 days after in Denver, Colorado shown in Bowling for Columbine. Moore also makes Heston seem like a racist when in fact, Heston worked with Martin Luther King Jr. in protests and helped break Hollywood’s color barrier (hardyl aw. net).Along with false impressions, I was left wondering where Moore got his statistics and information seeing as he listed no sources. According to Moore, in 2002 there were 11,127 deaths by guns in the United States when it is actually closer to 8,000 (Hardy 1). While the documentary had many things I did not agree with, there were a few that I appreciated. The film opened my eyes to the violence that goes on each day throughout the World. Gun control is a major issue that needs to be addressed, especially the issue of determining how people can obtain weapons and ammunition.At the end of the film, Moore and two survivors from Columbine get Kmart to stop selling weapons and bullets. Personally, I think this was the most honest and sincere part of the entire documentary. In conclusion, there are many things that I learned after viewing Bowling For Columbine. What followed was a summary of the documentary along with my thoughtful reactions. When asked what he would say to Harris and Klebold if he had the chance, Marylin Manson replied, â€Å"Nothing! I would listen, that’s what nobody did†. Perhaps violence in schools, as well as life, could be reduced if people just took the time to listen.Works Cited Hardy, David T. Bowling for Columbine. David T. Hardy, Apr. 2003. Web. 12 Mar 2013. McArdle, Megan. Department of Awful Statistics: Are Mass Shootings Really On the Rise? The Daily Beast, 28 Jan. 2013. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. Rosenberg, Jennifer. Columbine Massacre. About, N. d. Web. 12 Mar. 2013 Bowling for Columbine According to Megan McArdle, â€Å"Since 1982, there have been at least 62 mass shootings* across the country, with the killings unfolding in 30 states from Massachusetts to Hawaii. Twenty-five of these mass shootings have occurred since 2006, and seven of them took place in 2012. † Violence in schools as well as the country is on the rise at an alarming rate, raising questions about gun control. After viewing the documentary Bowling for Columbine, I was intrigued. What follows is a summary of the documentary viewed and my thoughtful reaction.First, the shocking information and summary of school shootings and gun control must be understood. Throughout the documentary, shocking information on school shootings is shown. On April 20, 1999, the town of Littleton, Colorado was changed forever by the violent acts of two students at Columbine High School. According to the documentary, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold started their morning off by bowling at a local bowling alley. Harris a nd Klebold then proceeded to the high school equipped with ammunition and guns legally purchased at Kmart.Along with the firearms and ammunition, Harris and Klebold were dressed in long, black trench coats, earning them the name, â€Å"Trench Coat Mafia†. Once at the school, pipe bombs were set-off, ensuing mass chaos. Harris and Klebold then fired over 900 rounds of ammunition on students and teachers, killing 12 students and 2 teachers followed by committing suicide. After ignoring pleas, the National Rifle Society (NRA) held a pro-gun rally in Littleton, Colorado a mere Ten days after the school shooting at Columbine.Charleston Heston, NRA President, caused quite a stir when asked to leave and take his guns with saying, â€Å"you can pry them from my cold dead hands†. After Columbine, schools locked down on their students. Many schools enforced new uniform policies to ensure weapons could not be concealed in clothing or other places. Along with clothing options, the definition of weapons changed from guns and knives to paper, chicken strips, hair color, paperclips, kilts, and even finger pointing while saying ‘pow-pow’. Numerous things have been blamed for the violence that occurred at Columbine.Some of these things include music, video games, movies, race, the media, bullying, and in Littleton, Lockheed Martin. Lockheed Martin is the world’s largest manufacturer of weapons and is responsible for many of the weapons used in wars. On April 20, 1999, President Clinton dropped the biggest assault on Kosovo the war had seen. Lockheed Martin built the majority of the bombs and missiles used. Columbine was not the first and sadly, not the last of school shootings and violence in America. Before the Columbine shooting, Timothy McVey, Terry Nichols, and James Nichols bombed a federal building in Oklahoma City, killing 168 people.James Nichols was the only member that was not convicted, although all of the planning and bomb construc tion was done on his organic farm in Decker, Michigan. Moore went to visit Nichols on his farm to interview him on his stance on gun control and the Oklahoma City Bombing. Nichols, along with Klebold and Harris, used the Anarchist Cookbook to make many of the bombs used in their acts of violence. When asked why not use words instead of violence, Nichols replied, â€Å"The pen is mightier than the sword. But you need to have a sword too if it doesn’t work†.Gun Control in America is a very controversial issue. While many states have laws against guns, Virgin, Utah mandates that all citizens must own a weapon. Every year, the United States has over 11,127 killings by guns, while German, France, Canada, U. K. , Australia, and Japan have a combined total of 973 killings per year. Many things such as divorce, poverty, violent music and video games, and a history of violent behavior in the United States have all been speculated as causes for school violence.While there have b een many things blamed as a cause for violence, statistics show that murders have decreased by 20% but the media coverage has gone up by 600%. Each night, the media portrays America as a scary place full of nightmares around every corner, ensuing fear and panic in the general public. In Canada, new coverage is more positive and viewers are not being pumped full of fear daily. While the factors are the same, the rates for violence are far fewer. There is a misconception that Canadians do not own guns, but each family has an average of 7 guns per household.With less fear and violence, it is common for Canadians to keep their doors unlock, a theory tested and proved to be true by Moore. Once again tragedy struck in Flint, Michigan on February 29, 2000, when 6-year-old Dedrick Owens shot and killed his classmate, Kayla Rolland. Flint, Michigan has close to 87% of people living below the poverty line and many are enrolled in the ‘Welfare to Work’ program. The welfare program has many single parents riding a bus for over an hour one-way to a minimum wage job, often leaving children unattended, being the case with Dedrick Owens.Left unsupervised, Owens was able to access a gun and bring it to school. Many people wanted Owens tried as an adult, although he was only 6 years old. Eight months after the shooting, Heston and the NRA arrived in Flint, Michigan for the â€Å"Get Out and Vote† campaign. Heston was criticized for, once again, showing up to a town of a recent school shooting. When interviewed by Moore, Heston became very upset and stopped the interview when asked why he comes to towns to hold rallies after school shootings. Next, my thoughtful reaction to the documentary along with questions.While I found the documentary to be very interesting, I feel that it focused too much on being a smear campaign towards the NRA and showed very little on Columbine, yet the title was Bowling for Columbine. Instead of conveying the severity of the massac re, Moore downplayed the situation by calling Harris and Klebold ‘boys’. By doing this, Moore made it seem as though Harris and Klebold did not understand what they were doing as well as making them seem more innocent. In reality, Klebold and Harris â€Å"had begun thinking about a large massacre as early as April 1998 – a full year before the actual event† (Rosenberg 1).Throughout the documentary, Moore creates a lot of false impressions, many of them being with Charleston Heston. For instance, Moore splices many of Heston’s speeches to make it seem as though he is a villain. One particular quote, â€Å"From my cold dead hands† was taken from a speech done one year later in South Carolina, not at the rally held 10 days after in Denver, Colorado shown in Bowling for Columbine. Moore also makes Heston seem like a racist when in fact, Heston worked with Martin Luther King Jr. in protests and helped break Hollywood’s color barrier (hardyl aw. net).Along with false impressions, I was left wondering where Moore got his statistics and information seeing as he listed no sources. According to Moore, in 2002 there were 11,127 deaths by guns in the United States when it is actually closer to 8,000 (Hardy 1). While the documentary had many things I did not agree with, there were a few that I appreciated. The film opened my eyes to the violence that goes on each day throughout the World. Gun control is a major issue that needs to be addressed, especially the issue of determining how people can obtain weapons and ammunition.At the end of the film, Moore and two survivors from Columbine get Kmart to stop selling weapons and bullets. Personally, I think this was the most honest and sincere part of the entire documentary. In conclusion, there are many things that I learned after viewing Bowling For Columbine. What followed was a summary of the documentary along with my thoughtful reactions. When asked what he would say to Harris and Klebold if he had the chance, Marylin Manson replied, â€Å"Nothing! I would listen, that’s what nobody did†. Perhaps violence in schools, as well as life, could be reduced if people just took the time to listen.Works Cited Hardy, David T. Bowling for Columbine. David T. Hardy, Apr. 2003. Web. 12 Mar 2013. McArdle, Megan. Department of Awful Statistics: Are Mass Shootings Really On the Rise? The Daily Beast, 28 Jan. 2013. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. Rosenberg, Jennifer. Columbine Massacre. About, N. d. Web. 12 Mar. 2013

Questions On The Legal System - 3081 Words

JAWONDEL’S NEW LEGAL SYSTEM By Marlize Nel Miss Johnston Legal 11 – The Legal System 23/03/15 In this report, both Rule of Law and Federation are defined. Additionally the benefits and limitations of the said features are disclosed with recommendations to mitigate limitations for stakeholders. Thorough research was used to comprehensively define the features and discern what the benefits and limitations would be for the stakeholders if the interim government incorporated them into Jawondel’s new legal system. Table of Contents Federalism and Rule of Law 1 Rule of Law 1.1 Federalism 1.2 Benefits of Rule of Law and Federalism 2 Benefits of Rule of Law 2.1 Benefits of Federalism 2.2 Reasoning behind why Rule of Law and Federalism†¦show more content†¦Democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives. Jawondel is in the process of transitioning, just like the said countries. Rule of Law and Federalism are central attributes to democracy therefore should definitely be integrated into any democratic legal system; including the one Jawondel wishes to develop. Jawondel is a small nation currently under an interim government until a new government is elected. Jawondel has decided to reform its government from a dictatorship to a democracy. Jawondel’s leaders wish to adopt a model which is similar to the Australian legal system and have asked that a report be prepared on two features that should be integrated into their new legal system. Throughout this report Rule of Law and Federation will be defined, and it will be explained how including them in Jawondelâ₠¬â„¢s legal system will advocate the rights of individuals, certainty, justice and equity. It will also explore and disclose the benefits and limitations of the features, and give recommendations to lessen the limitations. Both features discussed in this report achieve everything Jawondel is looking for. From being a democratic country through to displaying the rights of individuals, equity, justice and certainty. 1.0 Federalism and Rule of Law 1.1 Rule of Law: Rule of Law (also known as

What Is So Fascinating About Essay Topics for Technology?

What Is So Fascinating About Essay Topics for Technology? The Do's and Don'ts of Essay Topics for Technology Every American should learn how to speak Spanish. Essay ought to be written in the words an ordinary person will understand. Narrative essays incorporate a story of a true event described or written in the very first individual. Probably you do, because you're hunting for assistance with your essay writing. Students need to deal with assorted science essay topics. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's essential to at all times be critically contemplating the world around us. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. Facts, in the long run, will always win out against how folks are feeling at a specific moment. Write about the wellness issues American population face today and attempt to persuade the reader free medicine is the very best way out. An excessive amount of money isn't a good thing. A lot of people argue whether technology has an influence on the manner that kids grow up. By way of example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing perspective. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to discover ready-made essays and use them as an example. The major idea is to develop a compr ehensive essay made from introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion. Others may rather handle they research work and assignments by themselves, which is advised to be the perfect method of sorting out information to produce papers of high quality. The effect of morals from technology also features an impact on other factors like physical and societal facets of a young adolescent's life. Using technology has also reduced physical pursuits which again has given rise to different health troubles. To conclude, it is dependent on how you use technology. Information technology changes the surface of the workplace with each technological leap. How to Choose Essay Topics for Technology There's, naturally, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Consider striking a balance between both and you will observe the way your life changes permanent ly. The procedure is also made simpler. Its main objective is to generate engaging and efficient learning experiences. Positive Impact although technology has many negative consequences on teenagers and youth, it's been helpful in a lot of ways. Along with having obesity being among the significant health effects from the plan of technology taking over, there are a number of other things involving health effects among young adolescents like vision and hearing troubles. One of the primary problems is obesity. Breathing issues, lung infection and obesity are among the issues that are on an all-time high as a result of increasing use of technology. The Ideal Strategy for Essay Topics for Technology Primarily, you have to choose a topic from a selection of social media research paper topics. Therefore, the topic ought to be debatable! Also, deciding on the right topic is essential. Choosing topics for argumentative essays is important for your general success. All About E ssay Topics for Technology Technology was classified into various categories with each one of them having its very own special intent. It is ever-present in our daily lives. It thus means the use of knowledge to create something to enhance life. It affects people all over the world, both positively and negatively. School should happen in the evenings. Science contributes to technology in a lot of ways. Society is becoming more and more dependent upon computers and technology for functioning in everyday life. A Society is becoming more and more dependent upon computers and technology for functioning in everyday life. SATs ought to be eliminated. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. All About Essay Topics for Technology Although the internet can quickly help you on any topic you require, it can also lead to you to be dependent and brainless by doing all your work for you. Now days a one may use the social media and receive any type of data which he or she requires. It is preferable to search online because it will conserve a plenty of time. It isn't possible to generate a true friend online. Internet is easily the most common instance of information technology. Technology is the usage of scientific know ledge to generate new machinery and devices that may be utilised to offer various services or can be employed further to create more devices. It is basically the application of information to build equipment and devices that can be put to different use. It has also led to the production of nuclear weapons that are a threat to the mankind.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay Order and Disorder

Order and Disorder in A Midsummer Nights Dream Order and disorder is a favorite theme of Shakespeare. In A Midsummer Nights Dream the apparently anarchic tendencies of the young lovers, of the mechanicals-as-actors, and of Puck are restrained by the sharp Athenian law and the law of the Palace Wood, by Theseus and Oberon, and their respective consorts. This tension within the world of the play is matched in its construction: in performance it can at times seem riotous and out of control, and yet the structure of the play shows a clear interest in symmetry and patterning. Confronted by the sharp law of Athens, and not wishing to obey it, Lysander thinks of escape. But he has no idea that the wood, which he sees merely as a†¦show more content†¦The duke and his consort have had their quarrel before the action of the play begins, but Shakespeares choice of mythical ruler means the audience well knows the sword and injuries referred to in 1.2; we see the resolution of the fairies quarrel and that of the lovers during the play, and all is happy at its end. But whereas the rulers resolve their own problems, as befits their maturity and status, the young lovers are not able to do so, and this task is shared by Oberon and Theseus. Oberon orders Puck to keep Lysander and Demetrius from harming each other, and Theseus confirms their wishes as he overbears Egeus will. He is not now breaking his own law, because Demetrius cannot be compelled to marry against his will. A ridiculous parallel case of young lovers so subject to passion that, after disobeying their parents law, they take their own lives, is provided by Pyramus and Thisbe. Lysander and Demetrius laugh at the mechanicals exaggerated portrayal of these unfortunates, but the audience has seen the same excessive passion in earnest from these two. If Lysander breaks - or evades - the Athenian law knowingly, then the mechanicals break the law of the wood unwittingly. Pucks conversation with the first fairy in 2.1, makes clear that the wood is where Oberon and Titania keep their court, though they travel further afield. (Oberon, accordingShow MoreRelated Metadrama In Shakespeare Essay2636 Words   |  11 Pages ‘Shakespeare’s plays reflect not life but art.’ Make use of this remark in writing an essay on Shakespeare’s use of Metadrama. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shakespeare constantly plays with metadrama and the perception of his plays as theatre and not life with the complications inherent that in life we all play roles and perceive life in different ways. The play has recognition of its existence as theatre, which has relevance to a contemporary world that is increasingly aware of precisely howRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesManagement, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New

Assessment Of Financial Performance Of Starbucks During Fiscal Years 2

Question: What is your assessment of Starbucks financial performance during fiscal years 20052009? Assessment of the financial performance of an organization is very important for both the internal as well as external stakeholders. The management of an organization analyzes its financial performance in order to understand present financial of the company. Additionally, the information obtained from the analysis is used for planning and controlling various business activities of the organization. In order to make right decisions for achieving the organizational goals, the analysis of the financial performance is essential. The external users creditors, debtors, investors, analysts and auditor also analyze the financial performance of an organization in order to understand the trend of the past performance as well as present financial position of the company. On the basis of the profitability and solvency of the company, the stakeholders will determine their position regarding relationship with the company. In this paper, the financial position of Starbucks is analyzed for five fina ncial years between 2005 and 2009. Financial statements of Starbucks are used for analyzing the financial position of the organization for the years 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2008 and 2009. Different ratios will be calculated to explain different aspects of the financial performance such as profitability, investment, liquidity etc. In this paper significant ratios of Starbucks are calculated for consecutive five years in order to assess the financial performance of the organization. Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis is a quantitative technique used for analyzing the financial statements of a company. In this method, relevant, information is collected from the financial statements: balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. Ratio analysis can be carried out if the profitability ratio, liquidity ratio, efficiency ratios are calculated (Epstein and Lee, 2011). In the following table, all the required ratios are calculated for the five years: 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. Values are in Million $ 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Current Assets 1209.334 1529.788 1695.5 1748 2035.8 Current Liability 1423.431 1935.62 2155.6 2189.7 1581 Current ratio 0.849591 0.790335 0.786556 0.798283 1.287666 Current Assets 1209.334 1529.788 1695.5 1748 2035.8 Inventory 546.299 636.222 691.7 692.8 664.9 Current liabilities 1423.431 1935.62 2155.6 2189.7 1581 Acid Test Ratio 0.465801 0.461643 0.465671 0.481892 0.867109 Net Income 494.37 564.259 672.6 315.5 390.8 Shareholders' Equity 2090.262 2228.506 2284.1 2490.9 3045.7 Return on shareholders' equity 0.236511 0.253201 0.29447 0.126661 0.128312 Net Income 494.37 564.259 672.6 315.5 390.8 Total Assets 3513.693 4428.941 5343.9 5672.6 5576.8 Return on Total Assets 3513.693 4428.941 5343.9 5672.6 5576.8 Inventory 546.299 636.222 691.7 692.8 664.9 Cost of Goods Sold 2605.212 3178.731 3999.1 4645.3 4324.9 Inventory Turnover Ratio 76.53854 73.05463 63.13183 54.4361 56.11425 Accounts Receivable 190.762 224.271 287.9 329.5 271 Total Sales 6369.3 7786.9 9411.5 10383 9774.6 Accounts Receivable period 10.93183 10.51239 11.16544 11.58312 10.1196 Accounts Payable 220.975 340.937 390.8 324.9 267.1 Cost of Sales 2605.212 3178.731 3999.1 4645.3 4324.9 Accounts Payable Period 30.95943 39.14833 35.66853 25.52871 22.54191 Sales 6369.3 7786.9 9411.5 10383 9774.6 Total Assets 3513.693 4428.941 5343.9 5672.6 5576.8 Assets Turnover ratio 1.812708 1.758186 1.761167 1.830378 1.752726 Long term liabilities 196.435 264.815 904.2 922 950.1 Capital Employed 2090.262 2493.321 3188.3 3482.9 3995.8 Gearing Ratio 9% 11% 28% 26% 24% EBIT 780.518 893.952 1053.9 503.9 562 interest 15.829 12.291 2.4 44.4 2.8 Interest Coverage Ratio 49.30937 72.73224 439.125 11.3491 200.7143 Gross Profit 3764.088 4608.151 5412.4 5737.7 5449.7 Sales Revenue 6369.3 7786.942 9411.5 10383 9774.6 Gross Profit Ratio 59% 59% 58% 55% 56% Net Profit 494.37 564.259 672.6 315.5 390.8 Sales Revenue 6369.3 7786.942 9411.5 10383 9774.6 Net Profit Ratio 8% 7% 7% 3% 4% EBIT 780.518 893.952 1053.9 503.9 562 Capital Employed 2090.262 2493.321 3188.3 3482.9 3995.8 Return on Capital Employed 37% 36% 33% 14% 14% Strategic Recommendations for Sustainable Growth In the above sections all relevant ratios have been calculated. Therefore, in this part, all the ratios will be analyzed in for making recommendations in order to improve the financial performance of the company in the competitive market. Profitability Ratio There are two profitability ratios which depicts the relationship between profit and revenue of the organization. Gross Profit Ratio The formula for calculating gross profit ratio is given below: Gross Profit Ratio= (Gross profit of the FY/ Revenue of that FY) X 100 From the gross profit ratio it can be understood that how much profit is generated from one unit of turnover. It also implies how effectively Starbucks has managed the production cost and carried forward it to its customers. Greater gross profit ratio implies better financial position of the organization. The gross profit margin of Starbucks is declining from 2005 to 2009. In 2009 the gross profit improved a bit from the previous year (Bamber, Braun and Harrison, 2008). Net Profit Ratio The formula for calculating net profit ratio is given below: Net Profit Ratio = (Net profit/ Revenue) X100 From this ratio, the net profit generated form unit turnover can be calculated. The major implication of this ratio is it depicts how efficiently the company has been able to generate net income after considering the cost elements. It is observed that form 2005 the net profit margin had started to decline gradually and in 2009 it improved from the previous fiscal year 2008. Efficiency Ratios Efficiency ratios are calculated to explain how efficiently the organization has managed and used its resources. Efficiency ratio includes various ratios such as accounts receivable and payable ratio, asset turnover ratio and inventory turnover ratio. Inventory Turnover Ratio The formula for calculating inventory turnover ratio is: Inventory Turnover Ratio = (Inventory / Cost of goods sold) X 365 Inventory turnover ratio depicts how many times in a year the inventory has got completely sold and again replaced. The inventory turnover ratio for Starbucks has been calculated and it is seen that the ratio is decreasing gradually. It means the sales are increasing. High level of inventory turnover ratio is not expected as it has risk of holding obsolete goods. In Starbucks, most of the inventory is consisting of perishable goods, so high level of inventory turnover ratio is not desirable (Coombs, Hobbs and Jenkins, 2005). Asset Turnover Ratio Formula for calculating asset turnover ratio is given below: Asset Turnover Ratio= Revenue / Total Assets Asset turnover ratio assists in analyzing how efficiently the organization has been using its assets in order to generate income. From the asset turnover ratio of Starbucks it is observed that in 2005, the asset turnover ratio was high but 2006 and 2007 it has declined. In 2008, the asset turnover ratio has been highest. But in 2009 the asset turnover ratio is significantly low which depicts that Starbucks has not been able to efficiently manage and use its asset (Davis and Davis, 2012). Accounts receivable Turnover Ratio The formula for estimating accounts receivable turnover ratio is given below: Accounts Receivable Turnover = (Accounts receivables/ Total Sales) X 365 The accounts receivable turnover ratio is associated with the credit period of the oragnziation. If the accounts receivable turnover ratio is high it implies that most of the sales have been made on credit. The company allows sales at interest free credit period. But the low accounts receivable collection period is desired. In case of Starbucks, it is observed that the accounts receivable collection period was increasing from 005 to 2008 but in 2009 it has declined significantly. It has a positive implication for the company (Davis and Davis, 2012). Accounts Payable Turnover Ratio The formula for calculating accounts payable turnover ratio is given below: Accounts Payable Turnover Ratio = (Accounts Payable/ Cost of Sales) *365 This ratio implies how much credit period is allowed from the suppliers to pay the money. If the accounts payable turnover period is high it means that the company is allowed more time to pay its financial obligations. It is observed that the accounts payable period is declining over the years. That means the suppliers are not allowing much credit period and most of the payment is made on cash. It is not a positive implication for the organization (Hansen and Mowen, 2000). Liquidity Ratios Liquidity ratios explain the liquidity position of the organization by analyzing how efficiently the company has managed its short term debt obligation for the given financial year. Two types of liquidity ratio are discussed in this section: current ratio and quick ratio or acid-test ratio. Current Ratio Current ratio can be calculated by the following formula: Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liability From this ratio the potential of the company to meet its short term liabilities is assessed. Basically, it reflects on how efficiently the company has been managing its operating cycle. The desired current ratio is greater than 1 which implies excellent financial position of the company. For, Starbucks it is observed that, the current ratio is improving gradually and in 2009 it has become greater than 1. It means that the company has the potential to meet all its short term debts and payables. It indicates that Starbucks is in a good financial position (Hart, Wilson and Fergus, 2008). Acid Test Ratio In order to calculate the acid test ratio, the following formula can be used: Acid Test Ratio= (Current Asset Inventory)/ Current Liability Acid test ratio or Quick ratio also estimates the potential of the company to meet its immediate obligations using its short term assets. But, inventory must not be sold. The desired acid test ratio is 1. In case of Starbucks, the acid test ratio is improving gradually (Neish and Banks, 2003). Investment Ratios Investment ratios are helpful in analyzing the financial performance of an organization in terms of utilizing the investment opportunities. Some investment ratios are calculated for Starbucks and discussed in this section. Return on Shareholders Equity It can be measured from the following formula: Return on Shareholders Equity = [Profit after tax ( PAT)/ Equity Capital) X100 The objective of an organization is to maximize the wealth of its shareholders. The return on Shareholders equity helps to analyze how much return is generated for the shareholders. In case of Starbucks, it has been observed that the return on equity was increasing from 2005 to 2007. Then it started to decline. In 2009, the return on equity has improved slightly (Epstein and Lee, 2011). Return on Capital Employed With the help of the following formula, the return on employed capital can be calculated: Return on Capital Employed = [Earnings Before Interest and Tax (EBIT) / Capital Employed] X 100 From this ratio it can be estimated how efficiently the capital has been utilizing by the organization. For Starbucks it has been observed that the organization has not been able to manage and utilize the capital effectively. The return on capital employed is declining continuously over the period (Coombs, Hobbs and Jenkins, 2005). Return on Assets It can be calculated from the following formula: Return on Assets= [Profit after tax (PAT/ Total Assets] It implies how effectively the organization is managing its asset and generating profit by utilizing its assets. It can be found that return on total asset has been decreasing from 2005 to 2008. In 2009, the return on assets has improved slightly (Neish and Banks, 2003). From the ratio analysis it can be recommended that: Starbucks must focus on utilizing its assets effectively for generating revenue. The net profit ratio is low as the operating costs are high. The operational activities must be improved in order to reduce cost. It is good that the current ratio is high which implies current asset is significantly higher than the current liabilities. But it is also observed that most of the current asset is unutilized, which is also not desired. In order to increase the accounts payable period, the organization must adopt a strategy in order to effectively negotiate with the suppliers. Starbucks must focus o generating more return from the asset and capital employed. Thus the return on shareholders equity will enhance. References Bamber, L., Braun, K. and Harrison, W. (2008).Managerial accounting. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Coombs, H., Hobbs, D. and Jenkins, D. (2005).Management accounting. 1st ed. London: SAGE Publications. Davis, C. and Davis, E. (2012).Managerial accounting. 1st ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Epstein, M. and Lee, J. (2011).Advances in management accounting. 1st ed. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Hansen, D. and Mowen, M. (2000).Management accounting. 1st ed. Cincinnati: South-Western College Pub. Hart, J., Wilson, C. and Fergus, C. (2008).Management accounting. 1st ed. 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